LA Phil: Mozart & Haydn

When Haydn wrote on top of his 1796 Mass in C major “Missa in tempore belli,” Napoleon’s troops threatened the borders of the Austrian empire. A decree had been issued that year that the word “peace” not be uttered until victory was at hand. Haydn’s contribution to the cause was this “Mass in Time of War.”

Of course, the last words of the traditional mass text are “dona nobis pacem” —  grant us peace. They are first uttered quietly by the chorus, accompanied by a timpani roll underneath like a heart’s nervous palpitation. When repeated, the trumpets blare, the drums pound and the Mass ends with vehemence
That moment was stirring Thursday night at Walt Disney Concert Hall in a performance of what is also known as Haydn’s “Paukenmesse” (Kettledrum Mass) by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Los Angeles Master Chorale and four excellent soloists conducted by András Schiff.

This wasn’t stirring in the way Leonard Bernstein’s extraordinary performance of the Mass had been in 1973, when he performed it in the National Cathedral in Washington during Richard Nixon’s second inauguration celebrations. Bernstein’s “Concert for Peace” called for an end to the Vietnam War. He used a huge chorus, shook the rafters in stunning insurrection and transfixed a crowd of 12,000 protesters who stood outside in a freezing rain to listen.

Schiff’s approach was quieter and, in comparison, understated. But it too was dissident.

We don’t know exactly what Haydn, a warm humanist with a magnificent wit, meant the tenth of his 14 Masses to be. Although the “Mass in Time of War” ends more theatrically than typical for a work meant to serve as a religious service, the score’s most remarkable feature is its normality. A “Time of War” is no less a time for clever turns of phrase, inventive formal procedures and harmonic twists. Joyous and somber airs vie for the greater beauty.

Only at the end are there intimations, with distant trumpet calls, disruptive timpani, of threats to life’s delights. Haydn, a national hero who had given the Austrians their new national anthem, wanted Napoleon defeated as much as the next guy. His paean to peace is the reason why.

Schiff put much of his attention to elucidating the special details of Haydn’s score, the many ways that make the music feel alive and of the moment. The orchestra played with fervent understatement, if there is such a thing, and Robert deMaine contributed an eloquent cello solo. The final bars were more solemn than activist. Joseph Pereira used period timpani, taut in their effect. With all the marvels that came before, that was a disquieting indication that subtle threats against peace may be even more dangerous than bellicose ones.

Schiff placed the Mass in an original context that added to its seditious message. The concert began with him conducting Mozart’s Piano Concerto No. 25 from the keyboard. It ended with an unusual post-concert Schubert song recital in which the four vocal soloists and members of the Master Chorale performed with Schiff back at the piano.

A brilliant work on a grand scale, Mozart’s concerto is also in C major, and Schiff gave it a militaristic vitality. He asked for forthright playing from the orchestra and stood his own ground with shining tone.
In the cadenza for the first movement, he quoted “Non piú Andrai” from Mozart’s “Marriage of Figaro.” Figaro here sends a page off to war by parodying the soldier’s lot. Schiff then allowed the slow movement to linger lovingly around operatic phrases, but he brought a metallic urgency to the Finale’s otherwise innocent play.

Schubert’s songs were the songs of normal life. Mezzo-soprano Britta Schwarz made merry with two different versions of “Ständchen” (Serenade), the playful interruption of a lover’s sleep, first with the help of a women’s chorus, then with a male one.

For his pair of songs, tenor Werner Güra gave twinkling accounts of a fisherman’s prize being not necessarily the fish but the fish as bait for the ladies. A luminous young soprano, Anna Lucia Richter, sparkled with innocent freshness in Schubert’s popular “Im Frühling” (In Springtime). At the other extreme, the veteran bass Robert Holl contemplated the grave with every ounce of his being.

Schiff’s playing was beatific. The L.A. Phil program comes on the heels of his three recitals in Disney in which the Hungarian pianist dug with uncompromising, otherworldly intensity into the last three sonatas of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert. The orchestral program, which repeats through Saturday, is a return to the imperfect but still excellent world as we know it.
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In life and in art, the past is never past.

Just ask Hungarian-born pianist-conductor András Schiff, who conducts the Los Angeles Philharmonic from the piano in Mozart’s Concerto No. 25 (K.503), and then leads the orchestra and L.A. Master Chorale, along with four hand-picked vocal soloists, in Haydn’s “Mass in Time of War” at Walt Disney Concert Hall.

Schiff, 62, an internationally acclaimed interpreter of Bach’s keyboard music on modern piano, said earlier this month in San Francisco that years of practicing and recording on period-instruments have enhanced his musicianship in large and mysterious ways.

A case in point is Schiff’s all-Schubert two-CD set from ECM, which includes the composer’s “Moments musicaux” and Sonata in B-flat (D.960).

Schiff performs on an 1820 fortepiano built in Vienna by Franz Brodmann, giving listeners a chance to get closer to how Schubert himself heard these great scores.

In performance, Schiff mostly plays modern pianos. He said the Brodmann’s action and lower tuning conjured a tenderness and melancholy that have become significant in his evolving interpretations - on the podium and at the keyboard - of his classical repertory of works by Haydn, Beethoven, Mozart and Schubert.

“My experiences with the old piano has somehow changed my life,” Schiff said, “changed the way I look at this music, and when I play it on a modern piano, it’s always in the back of my mind. Shades of soft and softer dynamics, for example. That is what makes Schubert’s music so special. There’s huge drama in it.”

There’s huge drama of a different kind in Haydn’s stirring “Mass in Time of War,” which Schiff called “very relevant” to our own anxious and troubling times.

Haydn’s 1796 choral masterpiece was first performed in Vienna as Napoleon’s army was consolidating its occupation of Northern Italy by defeating Austria at Rivoli.

The Philharmonic last played the piece at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in 1996 with Esa-Pekka Salonen conducting.

“The work is so [contemporary], war and its message,” Schiff said. “Politicians preach peace but are supplying the armaments to Syria. We don’t know how this will all end, but the Mass ends with a wonderful, hopeful Dona nobis pacem (‘give us peace’).”

For Schiff, the two works on the Disney Hall program make a good pairing.

“The tonalities of the Mozart Concerto go with the Haydn Mass, because both are in C major,” he said, “but also there is something military in the opening movement of the concerto. It reminds us of the Marseillaise.”

“The military in the 18th century had a different meaning from now,” he added. “To these people, there was something glorious about it.”

For Schiff, conducting is a natural extension of his piano playing. At his part-time home in London (Schiff became a British citizen in 2001 and was knighted last year), he practices on a Model B Steinway from 1880, once owned by conductor Wilhelm Furtwangler. “It has the original hammers and strings and sounds phenomenal,” he said.

“I don’t look at myself as a conductor, but I love it and learn from it,” he said. “I’ve done many times all the Schubert symphonies. So I hear all those trombones in the ‘Great’ C major symphony, and I try to translate those orchestral sonorities onto the keyboard.

Schiff first conducted the Philharmonic musicians at Disney Hall in 2005.

“These American orchestras are incredibly good,” he said, “and very disciplined. The discipline is much worse in Germany. The sight reading is worse.

“Also, instrumentally — technically — they are better here,” he continued. “You have to work on style, but a good American orchestra is like a great car. You can shape a score any way you want. They can do whatever you ask.”

Schiff also played a recital of the last piano sonatas of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert in Santa Barbara recently and last Sunday at Walt Disney Concert Hall.

Incidentally, after all three of Schiff’s orchestral concerts this week, he’s offering a post-concert Schubert recital featuring his four vocal soloists and the L.A. Master Chorale. Grant Gershon conducts, with Schiff accompanying at the piano.
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